AbstractsMedical & Health Science

A Comparison of Biological, Physical, and Psychological RiskFactors for Cardiovascular Disease In Overweight/Obese IndividualsWith and Without Prediabetes

by Tingting Liu




Institution: Emory University
Department:
Year: 2015
Keywords: Health Sciences, Nursing; Prediabetes; Cardiovascular Risk Factors; Lifestyle interventions
Posted: 02/05/2017
Record ID: 2089034
Full text PDF: http://pid.emory.edu/ark:/25593/pqtrn


Abstract

Background: Poor lifestyle choices, coupled with the obesity epidemic, have dramatically increased the number of adults living with prediabetes. Compared with type 2 diabetes, much less is known about the effects of prediabetes on biological, physical, and psychological risk factors that heighten adverse cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes among overweight/obese adults. The primary aim of the study was to compare baseline biological, physical, and psychological risk factors for CVD among overweight/obese adults with and without prediabetes. Methods: A secondary data analysis was performed using a large database of healthy adults employed at an academic health sciences center located in the southeastern United States. Baseline biological, physical and psychological risk factors were included in the analysis. Linear or logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between prediabetes and biological, physical, and psychological risk factors, controlling for age, gender and education. Results: Three hundred forty one overweight/obese participants were included in the analysis: 44 had prediabetes (fasting blood glucose≥100 but <126 mg/dl) 297 were without prediabetes. Participant median age with and without prediabetes was 55 and 48 (p<0.0001), respectively. The majority of participants were Caucasian (69.5%), high income (median income 100,000-150,000), and well-educated (median education level 18 years). There were significant differences for several baseline biological risk factors among prediabetics versus nonprediabetics and included higher fasting blood glucose (104.8 vs 86.3 mg/dl, p<0.0001), body mass index (31.2 vs 28.8 kg/m2, p<0.017), waist-hip ratio (0.9 vs 0.8, p=0.014), triglycerides (111 vs 91 mg/dl, p=0.0002). Prediabetics were also more likely to be insulin resistant (47.7% vs 14.1%, p<0.0001) than nonprediabetics. Among the baseline physical risk factors examined, participants with prediabetes had much lower cardiorespiratory fitness than those without prediabetes (28.5 vs 32 ml/kg/min, p=0.029). Participants with prediabetes were also more likely to have lower self-reported physical functioning (53.8 vs 49.9, p=0.003). No differences in baseline psychological risk factors were observed between groups. Conclusions: Findings from this study suggest that healthy overweight/obese adults with prediabetes were likely at higher biological and physical risk for CVD at baseline compared to those without prediabetes. Early intervention to improve CVD risk progression among persons with prediabetes is essential. Table of Contents Chapter 1. Statement of the Problem 1 Introduction 1 Background 1 Purpose of the Study 8 Significance of the Study 10 Summary 11 Chapter 2. Review of the Literature 12 Introduction 12 Epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Prediabetes 12 Lifestyle Interventions and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Prevention 16 Prediabetes and Cardiovascular Disease 20 Prediabetes as an Independent Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease 20 Mechanisms of Vascular Damage of… Advisors/Committee Members: Faulkner, Melissa S. (Committee Member), Jennings, Bonnie M (Committee Member), Cha, Eun Seok (Committee Member), Venkat Narayan, K.M. (Committee Member), Gary, Rebecca A (Thesis Advisor).