AbstractsMedical & Health Science

The role of arginine methylation of hnRNPUL1 in the DNA damage response pathway

by Gayathri Gurunathan




Institution: McGill University
Department: Department of Medicine
Degree: MS
Year: 2015
Keywords: Health Sciences - Medicine and Surgery
Record ID: 2058434
Full text PDF: http://digitool.library.mcgill.ca/thesisfile130549.pdf


Abstract

Post-translational modifications play a key role in mediating the DNA damage response (DDR). It is well-known that serine/threonine phosphorylation is a major post-translational modification required for the amplification of the DDR; however, less is known about the role of other modifications, such as arginine methylation. It is known that arginine methylation of the DDR protein, MRE11, by protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) is essential for the response, as the absence of methylation of MRE11 in mice leads to hypersensitivity to DNA damage agents. Herein, we identify hnRNPUL1 as a substrate of PRMT1 and the methylation of hnRNPUL1 is required for DNA damage signalling. I show that several RGG/RG sequences of hnRNPUL1 are methylated in vitro by PRMT1. Recombinant glutathione S-transferase (GST) proteins harboring hnRNPUL1 RGRGRG, RGGRGG and a single RGG were efficient in vitro substrates of PRMT1. Moreover, I performed mass spectrometry analysis of Flag-hnRNPUL1 and identified the same sites methylated in vivo. PRMT1-depletion using RNA interference led to the hypomethylation of hnRNPUL1, consistent with PRMT1 being the only enzyme in vivo to methylate these sequences. We replaced the arginines with lysine in hnRNPUL1 (Flag-hnRNPUL1-RK) such that this mutant protein cannot be methylated by PRMT1. Indeed Flag-hnRNPUL1-RK was undetected using specific dimethylarginine antibodies. Flag-hnRNPUL1-RK did not co-immunoprecipitate with PRMT1, as expected, since PRMT1 is known to associate with its substrates. Flag-hnRNPUL1-RK had reduced affinity to NBS1, a subunit of the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1, a DDR complex. Finally, Flag-hnRNPUL1-RK had an aberrant localization at DNA damage breaks using laser microirradiation. Collectively, my findings provide insight into how the arginine methylation of hnRNPUL1 plays a significant role in the DNA damage response. Les modifications post-traductionnelles jouent un rôle fondamental, notamment dans la régulation des mécanismes de réponse aux dommages causés à l'ADN. Il a été démontré que la méthylation des arginines de la protéine MRE11 par l'enzyme protéine-arginine méthyltransférase 1 (PRMT1) est essentiel dans la voie de signalisation des dommages causés à l'ADN. Dans cette étude, nous décrivons l'identification d'un nouveau substrat de l'enzyme PRMT1 : la protéine hnRNPUL1.Dans un premier temps, nous avons identifié que la déplétion de l'enzyme PRMT1 induit une hypométhylation de la protéine hnRNPUL1. De plus la protéine hnRNPUL1 contient plusieurs motifs RGG/RG, une séquence consensus méthylée par les PRMTs. Un essai de méthylation in vitro a montré que plusieurs de ces séquences consensus sont méthylées par l'enzyme PRMT1. Une analyse in vivo de la protéine Flag-hnRNPUL1 par spectrométrie de masse a confirmée les sites de méthylation des motif RGG/RG identifiés précédemment in vitro. Ces résultats furent supportés par la génération d'un mutant Flag-hnRNPUL1-RK dépourvue d'arginine dans les séquences RGG/RG méthylées identifiées. En utilisant un anticorps spécifique…