AbstractsLaw & Legal Studies

The purpose of this thesis is to review the manner in which the United Nations settled the Indonesian and Korean questions, since both cases were brought to the attentions of the Security Council and the General Assembly in the year of 1947. Indonesia has been under the domination of the Netherlands Kingdom since 1595. During this period, the Indonesian people had never gained their liberty and freedom; but the Dutch failed to repress the Indonesian nationalistic movement toward independence. Early in 1908, the first Indonesian political organization was set up. They have strived desperately for their future freedom and independence during the past two decades. When the Japanese troops entered the archipelago, Indonesia became practically autonomous. The nationalistic movement grew rapidly. They began to rearm and mobilize the masses of the people in preparation for the future revolution. When the Japanese suddely surrendered in 1945, a group of Indonesians, headed by Soekarno and others who had been prominent in the pre-war nationalistic movement, seized the opportunity and eventually proclaimed an independent Republic of Indonesia on August 17, 1945. Though the past two years negotiations between the Netherlands and the Republic of Indonesia have been in progress, yet no basic agreement could be reached. On July 30, 1947, the Indonesian situation was brought to the attention of the U.N. Security Council by Australia and India. On August 1, 1947, the Security Council adopted a resolution calling upon the two parties to cease hostilities and to undertake a settlement by peaceful means. A cease-fire order was carried out on August 25, the Council adopted a resolution providing for the supervision of the cease-fire order by the foreign consuls stationed in Batavia and tendering the Good Offices of the Council in an effort to achieve a settlement. The Committee of Good Offices, on December 1947, opened formal sessions with the Netherlands and Republican delegations on the neutral foredeck of American transport Renville,, a truce was signed and a set of political principles were agreed to; and on January 17, 1948, the text of the Renville agreement was forwarded to the Council. At about the same time, there came up another problem: the Dutch were allegedly most active in fostering separatist states in West Java and Madura. Upon instruction of the Council's resolution of February 28, 1948, requesting the Committee to pay particular attention to political developments in West Java and Madura, and to report to the Council thereupon at frequent intervals. The Committee then drafted the reports on this subject, and submitted them to the Council on 23 April and 18 May, 1948. On December 19, 1948, the Dutch troops resumed so-called "police action" to occupy the capital of Republic, Jogjarkarta and made prisoners of the Republican leaders. Immediately on receipt of the news of hostilities, the U.S. asked for an emergency meeting of the Council. Under the pressure of the U.N., the Dutch have offered the return of the…