AbstractsEngineering

Nakamtenga is situated in Burkina Faso, one of the poorest countries in the world suffering from lack of potable water and food security, leading to starvation and illnesses such as diarrhea. The purpose and goal of the field study was consequently to analyze the water situation in Nakamtenga so that the results and conclusions drawn from it could help to improve the water situation. It was done by investigating the water quality, quantity, risks of contamination and how the water is handled. At the time of observation Nakamtenga had seven functioning wells; two open dug wells and five closed pumps. The water quality analyses indicate that the quality is generally good, with exception of the open wells, of which the water has significant amounts of coliforms. The phosphate levels are above 0.6 mg/l in six of the wells, which indicate that the water may be affected by human activities. The most significant threat to the water quality is the handling of the water, which is inappropriate in many ways. Placing of funnels in spill water from the wells, not covering the containers used to store water and placing fetching materials in the dirt are examples of improper handling. Other risks of contamination are lacks in the construction of the wells, latrines placed near the wells and use of pesticides/herbicides. Another major problem is that the pumps break too often; there is water but the inhabitants cannot reach it. It is important to take in consideration that the mapping was made during the dry season. Since conditions are very different during the rainy season it is recommended to do further studies during this period, or at least, being attentive to indications of changes in water quality and supply. To improve the water situation several measures can be taken. Education concerning the handling of the water (hygiene and sanitation) is one of the most important. Actions should also be taken to improve the water quality in the open wells. Reducing contamination risks is possible at all wells since deficiencies and flaws occur everywhere. Moreover the documentation and organization of water related issues is insufficient. Improving this work could significantly improve the water situation in the village.