AbstractsEngineering

Sheet metal forming is a widely used production process in various newlineIndustries Nearly 300 million tons of sheet and 10 million tons of aluminum newlineare formed every year which were approximately 35 of the total steel and newlinealuminum production Deep drawing process is the most common metal newlineforming process frequently used in automobile industry the packaging newlineindustry and the house hold appliances industry to manufacture products with newlinemore complicated shapes and curvatures During deep drawing the area of newlinethe contact with punch remains the same as it forms the bottom of the drawn newlinecup The area that become the side wall of the cup change from the shape of newlineannular segments to longer parallel side cylindrical elements as they were newlinedrawn over the die radius A blank holder is used in a draw die to prevent the newlineformation of wrinkles as compressive action rearranges the metal from flange newlineto the sidewall newline newline%%%appendix p.136-156, reference p.157-164