AbstractsEarth & Environmental Science

At one time natural specimens were the only source of large and well formed newlinecrystals Most of these were gems or museum species and were not available for study newlineModern technology is in need of strain free single crystals which have wide applications newlinein frequency controlled oscillators quartz polarizers calcite masers and lasers ruby newlinetransistors opto electronics and piezo electrics Single crystals have a wide application newlinein all vital aspects of material and physical sciences The growth of single crystals and newlinetheir characterization are receiving increasing importance for various applications newline%%%