AbstractsEngineering

Founding or casting is the process of forming metal objects by newlinemelting metal and pouring it into moulds Heine 2008 Casting, the most newlinedirect and versatile of all the metallurgical processes is widely used for newlineprocessing materials that possess the characteristics of fluidity and newlinesolidification newlineThe production of a casting free from serious defects is newlinedependent on a combination of factors One of the most important of these newlineis the method by which the molten metal is transferred from the ladle to the newlinemould cavity newlineMould filling stage during casting process can be classified as a newlineproblem of fluid mechanics with many phenomena involved such as newlinemolten metal turbulence heat transfer along the metal mould interface newlinepressure variation inside the cavity etc The usually adopted approach in a newlinefoundry towards gating system design is based on knowledge or rulebased newlinesystems using empirical data derived from experience with actual newlinecastings This many a time leads to casting scrap owing to a number of newlineuncertainties in the values of process parameters newline newline%%%appendix p269-283, reference p284-288.