AbstractsLaw & Legal Studies

The dissertation consists of 14 unpublished ostraca, which belong to three different collections; the first two come from the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. The first one is under a special register number 17953 and the other collection under temporary number 20/10/14ID from Elephantine-Syene, and that of El-Dakhleh store under a special register number 785.3 (only one piece from Tal Markoula). The present work sheds light on the philological, historical, economic, religious and social life in Greek-Roman Egypt. All the texts are dated from the first to the fourth centuries A.D (except 14). Eleven pieces are fragmentary. The earliest objectively dated ostracon is the 1(granary receipt) which might belonged to the period of the reign of the Emperor Claudius (July 11th A.D 41-54), while the latest text is preserved in 14 and could be assigned to the 4th -6th centuries A.D. The volume contains 12 tax receipts; a Poll tax Λαογραφία in 2, 9, 10. Χειρωνάξιον in 7, 8, Granary tax in 1, unknown taxes in 4, 5, 6, 11‒13, a label for coins or goods in 14, and only one Proskynêma for the god Hermes in 3. The amounts mentioned in these receipts range from a small number of drachmas such as 3 dr. 2 ob. in 5 for unknown tax, to a bigger amount of 48 dr. for the payment of an unknown tax in 12. All texts have been written on the recto, while the backside of the ostraca is blank. The volume includes: Appendices, Tables, Bibliography, Conclusion, Plates, Charts and Maps.RESULTS:-There is no information about the prices of wheat from Elephantine-Syene. The sources for wheat prices from upper egypt (ostraca) are short and entirely unclear.-Some words has been written with no mark of abbreviation.-There are unusual forms for some abbreviated words.-I found some Proper names did not occur anywhere else.-There are more than form of writing the name of some persons.-There are some titulatures of Emperors which are frequently attested in Elephantine-Syene.-There is an attestation for two Emperors in one receipt.-Some scribes wrote two different titles of the Emperor in the same document.-There is only one piece appeared from Tel-Markoula; where is not found neither one piece of ostraca nor papyri.-Δόκιμος has not been attested as label anywhere else, and it has not been referred in the ostraca.-There is a rare expression of proskynema followed directly by the dedicator; it has been attested in some inscription from Wadi Hammamat.-The title μεγίστος, is rarely attested with god Hermes.-I think Ζήνων (10) still at his position as a Tax collector until A.D 149.-The office of μισθ(ωταὶ) πύλ(ης) Σοήνης perhaps appeared in ostraca only in the second century, but in spite of the formula μισθ(ωταὶ) ἱερᾱς πύλ(ης) Σοήνης has appeared in the aforementioned period, it has been attested in few documents which dated to the first half of the third century A.D. Η διατριβή έχει ως θέμα δεκατέσσερα ανέκδοτα όστρακα τριών συλλογών. Οι δύο πρώτες προέρχονται από το Αιγυπτιακό μουσείο του Καΐρου, η πρώτη υπό τον ειδικό αριθμό μητρώου 17952, η δεύτερη συλλογή με…