AbstractsBiology & Animal Science

Worldwide, chronic kidney disease is a public health concern because of poor outcome and high cost. About two thirds of all cases of chronic kidney disease in children are due to congenital disorders. In Vietnam, there is currently no national epidemiologic data on pediatric chronic kidney disease. The nephropathies in Vietnamese children are not detected early enough to prevent complications and 50% of cases have unknown origin. The general objective of this work was to assess prevalences of most common causes of chronic kidney disease in young Vietnamese children. We conducted two population-based studies and one clinical series study in two districts of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam to detect glomerulophathies or congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract in asymptomatic children, to prevent complications of UTI in children with unexplained fever, and to detect congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract in newborns. The findings of this work show the low prevalence of hematuria and/or proteinuria and high prevalence of nitrituria and/or leucocyturia among asymptomatic children. The prevalence of febrile urinary tract infection is low in an urban district. Due to some limitations in the congenital anomalies screening, the birth defect prevalence is lower than that in other studies reported in Vietnam and worldwide. Our results show the need for a screening program for the analysis of urinary dipstick in remote areas with very low population density. General practitioners at health station and at district hospital need to be trained to rationally indicate antibiotics in urinary tract infection treatment. The low prevalence of visual congenital malformations was reported in the third study. Vietnam has to develop antenatal care, with antenatal echography in order to early diagnose congenital anomalies, including congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract. (MED - Sciences médicales)  – UCL, 2015